Visualizing Spatial Processes Using Ripley’s Correction: an Application to Bodily-injury Car Accident Location

In this paper, we investigate (and extend) Ripley's circumference method to correct bias of density estimation of edges (or frontiers) of regions. The idea of the method was theoretical and difficult to implement. We provide a simple technique based of properties of Gaussian kernels-to compute efficiently weights to correct border bias on frontiers of the region of interest, with an automatic selection of an optimal radius for the method. An illustration on location of bodily-injury car accident (and hot spots) in the western part of France is discussed, where a lot of accident occur close to large cities, next to the sea.